475-485 Wilander
نویسندگان
چکیده
The four large Swedish lakes Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren differ in many respects, not least in drainage area characteristics and basin morphometry (1). The differences also include water quality. Since nutrient chemistry of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the lakes is of major concern, it has been treated by several authors (2–13). The hydrochemical studies started in 1964 and in an overview after 10 yrs, Ahl (14) placed phosphorus load and chlorophyll concentrations in these lakes into an international perspective (Fig. 1). This approach basically followed that of Vollenweider and others (15–18); i.e. in-lake nutrient concentration or trophic state (here as chlorophyll concentration) was expressed as a function of total input of nutrients to the lakes and basins. From Figure 1 it is obvious that the state of the different basins of L. Mälaren closely resembled those of the lower Laurentian Great Lakes, whereas conditions characteristic for the much less polluted lakes Vänern and Vättern corresponded to the upper Great Lakes. This picture was typical for the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, when nutrient inputs to the basins had high anthropogenic shares of both P and N. By a far-sighted decision (19) P-inputs to the basins were dramatically reduced by the introduction of chemical precipitation at municipal sewage-treatRecovery from Eutrophication: Experiences of Reduced Phosphorus Input to the Four Largest Lakes of Sweden Anders Wilander and Gunnar Persson
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تاریخ انتشار 2001